What causes colic in babies?

The exact cause of colic is unknown. It's not caused by bad parenting. Possible contributing factors include an immature digestive system, overstimulation, gas, or simply a developmental phase. Colic affects about 1 in 5 babies regardless of whether they are breastfed or bottle fed.

How long does colic last?

Colic typically starts around 2-3 weeks of age, peaks at about 6 weeks, and usually resolves by 3-4 months. Most babies grow out of it completely. While it feels endless when you're in the middle of it, colic is temporary.

Is colic the same as reflux?

No, colic and reflux are different conditions, though they can overlap. Colic involves excessive crying (3+ hours a day, 3+ days a week) with no specific cause found, typically in the evening. Reflux (GOR) involves spitting up after feeds, arching the back during or after feeds, and being unsettled during feeds. A baby can have both. See your GP to rule out reflux or other causes if your baby is very unsettled.

baby colic — what it is and what helps

by William Samuels·10 april 2026

this is general information, not medical advice. if your baby is unwell or you are concerned, see your GP.

what is colic?

colic is defined by the "rule of three" — crying for 3+ hours a day, 3+ days a week, for 3+ weeks. it's one of the hardest things about early parenthood.

• usually starts around 2-3 weeks of age

• peaks at about 6 weeks

• resolves by 3-4 months for most babies

• affects about 1 in 5 babies

colic is NOT caused by bad parenting. you are not doing anything wrong.

colic vs reflux

colic

• excessive crying, especially in the evening
• draws knees up to chest
• clenched fists
• usually 2 weeks to 4 months
• no specific cause found

reflux (GOR)

• spitting up after feeds
• arching back during or after feeds
• unsettled during feeds
• may or may not cry excessively
• can persist beyond 4 months

note: colic and reflux can overlap. see your GP to rule out reflux or other causes if your baby is very unsettled.

what helps

there's no single cure for colic, but these strategies can help soothe your baby. try different combinations — what works changes day to day.

movement

• rocking (arms, chair, hammock)
• walking with baby
• pram ride
• car ride
• baby swing

sound

• white noise machine or app
• vacuum cleaner sound
• shushing (loud and rhythmic)

touch

• skin to skin contact
• gentle tummy massage (clockwise circles)
• warm bath

feeding

• check latch if breastfeeding
• pace bottle feeding
• burp well during and after feeds
• try a different bottle if bottle feeding

carrying

• upright position against your chest
• baby carrier or wrap

environment

• dim the lights
• reduce stimulation in the evenings

what doesn't help (and may harm)

✕gripe water — no evidence it works and some products contain alcohol or sugar

✕colic drops (simethicone) — minimal evidence of benefit, though generally considered safe

✕chiropractic manipulation for babies — not recommended by Australian medical guidelines

✕over-the-counter medications — do not give without GP advice

when to see a doctor

see your GP if your baby has:

• a fever
• vomiting (not just posseting/spitting up)
• blood in their poo
• not gaining weight

trust your instincts. if you feel something is wrong, see your doctor. you know your baby best.

looking after yourself

colic is exhausting. the crying is relentless and it can make you feel helpless, frustrated, and overwhelmed. that is completely normal.

if you need a break, put your baby down safely in their cot and step away for a few minutes. a crying baby in a safe space is okay. you are not failing.

ask your partner, family, or friends for help. even 30 minutes of relief makes a difference.

it WILL end. colic is temporary, even though it doesn't feel like it right now.

if you're struggling, call:

Tresillian — 1300 272 736 (24/7 parenting support)

PANDA — 1300 726 306 (perinatal anxiety & depression)

related guides

tummy time tips for newborns

when to start, how long, and what to do if baby hates it.

baby milestones month by month

what to expect from 3 months to 5 years.

this guide is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice. if you are concerned about your baby, see your GP, call 13 HEALTH (13 43 25 84), or in an emergency call 000.